Key terms & abbreviations

  • ANCP: Australian NGO Cooperation Program
  • ANOVA: Analysis of Variance
  • D: Dioptre
  • DC: Dioptre Cylinder
  • Dispensed spectacles: Glasses prescribed, made and provided to a USP from an optical service
  • DS: Dioptre Sphere
  • eREC: Effective Refractive Error Care
  • FHF: The Fred Hollows Foundation
  • HREC: Human Research Ethics Committee
  • ICC: Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
  • Intra-service correlation: Describes how strongly USP outcomes are from the same services
  • IRB: Institutional Review Board
  • JCC: Jackson Cross Cylinder
  • MoE: Margin of Error
  • NCT: Non-contact Tonometry
  • NGO: Non-Governmental Organization
  • Optical service: Place providing refractive error services including refraction and optical dispensing (privately owned stores, franchisee stores, vision centres, community health centres, eye hospitals, secondary/tertiary hospitals)
  • PD: Pupillary Distance
  • PI: Principal Investigator
  • Q.REC: Quality of Refractive Error Care
  • REDCap: Research Electronic Data Capture
  • USP: Unannounced Standardised Patient, Individual trained to visit optical services in a standardised manner
  • VA: Visual Acuity
  • WHO: World Health Organization
  • △: Prism Dioptres